罗曼诺夫王朝

罗曼诺夫王朝(Romanov dynasty)

1613～1917年的俄国统治者们。罗曼诺夫家族从罗曼.尤列夫（卒於1543年）获其姓氏，他的女儿阿纳斯塔西亚.罗曼诺夫娜是沙皇伊凡四世的第一个妻子。她的侄子女们取罗曼诺夫为姓，1613年米哈尔.罗曼诺夫当选为沙皇，从而开始了罗曼诺夫王朝。米哈尔的儿子阿列克塞（1645～1676年在位）继承皇位，接着是阿列克塞的儿子费多尔三世以及伊凡五世与彼得一世的联合统治。彼得单独统治时，1722年他颁布政令，宣布君主可以选择他的继承人，但他无力影响法律，所以他的皇位传给了其妻子凯萨琳一世、其孙彼得二世以及伊凡五世的女儿安娜。这条继承线回到了彼得的女儿伊莉莎白（1741～1762年在位）、她的侄子彼得三世及其妻凯萨琳二世大帝以及他们的儿子保罗一世手中。保罗建立了确定的继承次序，其後是他的儿子亚历山大一世（1801～1825年在位）和尼古拉一世（1825～1855年在位）。尼古拉之後是其子亚历山大二世、其孙亚历山大三世以及俄罗斯君主国的最後一名统治者，其曾孙尼古拉二世（1894～1917年在位）。

English version：

Romanov dynasty

Rulers of Russia from 1613 to 1917. The name derived from Roman Yurev (died 1543), whose daughter Anastasiya Romanovna was the first wife of Ivan IV the Terrible. Her nephews assumed the surname Romanov, and the dynasty began with the election of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. He was succeeded by his son Alexis (r. 1645-76), followed by Alexis's sons Fyodor III and joint rulers Ivan V and Peter I. When Peter was sole ruler, he decreed in 1722 that the monarch could choose his successor, but he was unable to effect the law, so the crown passed to his wife Catherine I, his grandson Peter II, and Ivan V's daughter Anna. The line of descent returned to Peter's daughter Elizabeth (r.1741-62), her nephew Peter III and his wife Catherine II the Great, and their son Paul I. Paul established a definite order of succession and was followed by his sons Alexander I (r.1801-25) and Nicholas I (r.1825-55). Nicholas was succeeded by his son Alexander II, grandson Alexander III, and great-grandson Nicholas II (r.1894-1917), the last ruler of the Russian monarchy.